Several semi-independent countries can form a single sovereign country (one is more dominant than the others). Example: Denmark and Greenland; also Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten. See dependency below; where more powers have been devolved to the former dependency.
Relics of the age of exploration and empire where the sovereign country still maintains presence. Examples: Norfolk Island, New Caledonia, Bermuda, and Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area.
Most “countries” their own territory and affairs, don’t have far flung territorial holdings, and don’t have disputes with their neighbors.