CATALOG of EXHIBITION catalog of the philatelic exhibition containing a list of exhibits and the names of the participants. Usually in the catalogue of the exhibition are also the jury of the exhibition, the organizing Committee and other official materials. In the catalogue of the exhibition frequently published additional articles related to the theme of the exhibition and the exhibited collections. Sometimes as a Supplement to the Catalogue of the exhibition produced a variety of philatelic Souvenirs.
The NATIONAL DIRECTORY — view philatelic catalog covering the post newspaper of a particular country. The national directory is based on chronological order, may include postage stamps and blocks, stationery, postage stamps and more.
CAT-EYE — stamp the name of the 3rd issue of postage stamps Brazil 1850. Figure — small straight the denomination figures inside the oval in the shape of a rosette — like eyes. See also "bullseye", "Goat eyes".
CAUCASIAN COLLECTOR — Russian philatelic journal published in the city of Vladikavkaz (now Ordzhonikidze). The only issue was published in 1922.
CAYMAN ISLANDS [Cayman Islands] Islands in the Caribbean sea, a British possession. Until 1901 used stamps of Jamaica. In 1901 the first released its own brand of colonial type with the name of the colony, in 1917, stamps war tax, in 1932 — the first commemorative stamps in 1971 — the first unit. Postage stamps of the Cayman Islands
CAYO BELIZE [Cayes of Belize] — the skeleton near the Eastern coast of Central America, the territory of Belize. First stamp with inscription (in English) "Cayo Belize" released 22.05.1984. This series is so standard brands 10 denominations. In 1895, organized private mail delivery private label and released with a three line inscription on a typewriter. Was used a short time.
CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICITY— issued by expert testimony-opinion on the authenticity, condition, restoration, etc. proposed for examination, postage stamps (stamps, entire or whole thing, etc.). Especially rare brands can be given more, and phototastic — enlarged photograph of the stamp with the signature of the expert and stamp of the expert sign.
CHANGE EDITION — feature philatelic postage: changes in details of design, cliché, paper (its varieties), a watermark (of the existence of the figure or the direction) of zubtsovki or perforation (size and type), glue (grades or colors), themes (color, way, direction, or angle, of its individual elements), printing method, color and composition of colors. See The Variety.
Checkpoint — a special unit in the system of the controlled foreign exchange of philatelic materials between the individual collectors for verification of attachments. Through the checkpoint letter sent with an attachment of philatelic materials. In the USSR, the organization of work of Control points assigned to the Central philatelic Agency "Soyuzpechat" of MS of the USSR.
CHINA, people's Republic of China (PRC) is a country in Central and Eastern Asia. The former Empire. The monarchy is overthrown the Xinhai revolution 1911-13 years. China proclaimed 01.10.1949. National mail organized in 1878, the appeal was received the first stamps depicting the dragon and the inscription "China" in English and Chinese languages, and in 1894 produced the first commemorative stamps. In 1897 came the brand with original drawings and the inscription "Imperial Chinese post" in Chinese and English. In 1912 overprint on stamps made (Chinese) "Chinese Republic". In 1921 issued the first postal airmail stamps, in 1941 the first unit. In 1942— 45 years of issued stamps for military personnel, in the years 1945-48 — mail order, 1904 — postage due. The first series of postage stamps of China came into circulation 08.10.1949 (dedicated to the proclamation of the PRC), first series of definitive stamps in February 1950, the first postal airmail stamps in 1951, the blocks in 1956. Since 1950, issued postage due stamps, and stamps exemption from collection of mail for the military. Mail China has devoted several editions of the friendship between the Soviet and Chinese peoples, economic aid to the USSR people's China, the anniversaries of the great October socialist revolution and another. Postage stamps of China
The Taiwan Republic. In may 1895 the population of the island of Taiwan responded to the uprising on the transfer of Islands of Japan Simonsayscom the contract. The rebels declared a Republic. Was organized postal communication with the mainland of China issued stamps depicting the emblems of the Republic — tiger. Stamps of the 1st edition, without teeth, 2 — toothed. In October 1895, the insurrection was suppressed.
Provincial issues of China. Due to the difficult internal political situation in China, the difference of banknotes, Japanese aggression and difficulties in the supply of the postage stamps of individual regions of the local postal authorities have issued their own stamps: in Manchuria, Jilin, Heilongjiang in 1927-29 years in Changchun, Shenyang (Mukden), Harbin, Qiqihar and Jilin in the years 1946-48, Xinjiang in 1915-45 years, Sichuan in 1933, 1934, Unani in the years 1926-33. In 1949, overprint of new value and the name of the province was produced in Anhui, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Shensi and others.
Editions of the revolutionary bases of China. After counter-revolutionary coup in China in 1927, began to form the Red Army and its revolutionary bases. In the years 1927-31 database for Hunan-Jiang-si, Hunan-Western Hubei and other issued special stamps with the inscription (Chinese) "Red postal administration". In 1930 in Guazzini mail came postage due stamps. All the inscriptions in the Chinese language. It was before the relocation to North-Western China in 1934.
Editions of the liberated areas of China (1937-49 years). After the Japanese attack on China in July 1937, it began a guerrilla war under the leadership of the Communist party of China. In the liberated areas worked mail. After the defeat of the Japanese militarists, the Soviet Army and unleashing Chiang Kai-shek regime of the civil war part the people's liberation Army (PLA) liberated a number of districts in Central, Eastern, Northern, North-Western China. Everywhere produced their own brand.
Regional editions of China (1946, 1950). In the liberated areas of the PLA of China established the people's power and restored the activities of various institutions, including mail. In the absence of national brands and on the different monetary units were organized production of regional brands, which were in circulation until the 1950, 1951. With 01.01.1950 all regional post offices are subordinated to the MS of the PRC. Private stamps issued in Central China since 1949, the Eastern China since 1949, North — since 1949, the North-East since 1946, on the Liaodong Peninsula — since 1946, in North-West China 1949 South 1949 South-West since 1949. Since 1951 circulation only brand of China.
Mail open ports of China. According to the Nanjing Treaty (1842), the first unequal Treaty that China has with foreign Gosudarstvennom, for English trade opened a number of ports in which Britain won the right to keep its own police, troops and so on. Were opened and the post office. In addition to consular posts in the open ports had branches Shanghai municipal mail. In a number of cities — Hankou, Fuzhou, Sanmina (Amoy), Chefoo, Wuhu and other — produced brand. All brands local postmaster seized 02.02.1897.
The mails of French Indochina in China. The postal administration of French Indo-China had offices in Mintz January 1900, Yunnan-Fu (Kunming) — February 1900, Haikou may 1900, Canton (Guangzhou) — June 1901, Beihai — February 1902, Canine — Feb 1902. Since 1902 used stamps of French Indo-China with overprint (French) "China". In 1901, for Canton and Haikou, and in 1903 and for the remaining post offices issued their own stamps with overprint (French) the name of the city.
American postal service in China. At the post office of the United States in Shanghai used stamps USA. In may 1919 on stamps USA made overprint (English) text "in Shanghai. China" and the new value. In July, 1922 series stamps supplemented with 2 values. The United States post office in Shanghai was closed in December 1922.
Editions of the Japanese occupation of China. In 1937 45 years the Japanese militarists occupied several areas of China. Initially, in the occupied territory used the stamps of China, and from 1941 on stamps began to make special overprints separately for Inner Mongolia, Guangdong, North China, Shanghai and Nanjing. Some areas issued stamps with original patterns.
CILICIA [Cilicie] — a region in South-East Turkey, occupied at the end of the 1st world war by French troops. In 1919 on stamps of Turkey made overprint (French), "Cilicia", and later (in French), "Enemy occupied territory Cilicia." In September 1919 Cilicia occupied by the British. Used stamps of Anglo-Egyptian field post to Palestine. In November 1920 the area again occupied by French troops. The appeal was received tax stamps of Turkey, then stamps of France with individual printings protective mats have (French) "French military occupation of Cilicia." In 1921 Cilicia returned to Turkey and entered in the appeal of its brand.
CITY MAIL — local mail, peresylali and delivering the correspondence within the city. First is the Paris City mail (Small mail), founded by Renoir de Wilaya, and to operate from 1653 to about 1660. Also known private Urban mailin London (penny-post, founded by Robert Murray and William Docwra 25.03.1680), in Vienna (kolotuhina or ratchet, mail 1772-83 years); in Berlin (Hiking mail 1800-06 years) and others. In Russia, the first City mail began working in St. Petersburg 17.01.1833. The letters were collected in 42 stalls on crowded intersections. The city was divided into 17 districts; each 2 the postman three times a day taken in the shops letter and money for shipping and deliver them to the office of City mail at the post office. In Moscow City mail opened 01.01.1845; there were 23 districts, letters were taken in 111 shops and bakeries, were sorted at the post office and 5 outlets. With the advent of stamp envelopes, and soon the mailboxes need to collect letters in the shops anymore. Sign of payment on the envelope by the St. Petersburg city post (Russia)
URBAN MESSENGERS:
1. Postmen some urban private mails. So, in the years 1800-06 first town (walking) mail in Berlin had 13 Urban messengers, each of which repeatedly went around the day your district, alerting them to the movement by ringing the bell. Cm. also City mail, Small mail.
2. Hiking and horseback messengers merchant guilds and craft guilds in many cities of Europe, 14th-16th centuries to deliver to other cities mail their guilds and workshops. Gradually the right to use the service was extended to other segments of the population, but high cost made it difficult to access services.
CIVIL AVIATION — the name of philatelic series of stamps of the USSR, 1934 "For the 10th anniversary of Civil aviation of the USSR and the Soviet airmail" (No. 444-453). In the drawings the stamps — plane ANT-9 on various parts of the country. "Civil aviation"
The COMPETITIVE CLASS is the main class philatelically exhibition, which presents exhibits of participants estimated jury. For the best collection in the competitive Class, there are special awards in various grades.
CLASS HONORARY — mounted Position on the philatelic exhibitions of one of the non-competitive classes for exhibits personally invited collectors and jury members. In the Class of honor included the exhibits marked during the last 5 years two gold medals at the all-Union exhibitions and exhibitions of"Secfinex" or a gold medal at the World exhibition under the patronage of FIP.
The JUNIOR CLASS is a special class in philatelic exhibitions for exhibitors in age, usually up to 25 years. The exhibits of the Junior Class were judged separately, according to specific requirements, and Exhibitor awards Class youth should be the appropriate label.
The LITERARY CLASS is one of the special sections of the philatelic exhibition, which exhibited literary works on philately (catalogs, directories, books, magazines, other publications, articles), submitted by authors or publishers. The exhibits of the exhibition jury may award various awards provided for in this exhibition, sometimes with a special marking "the literary Class".
